![]() ![]() When a user signs in to a computer running Windows and provides a user name and credentials (such as a password or PIN), the information is provided to the computer in plaintext. ![]() The authenticator types used in the Windows operating system are as follows: Plaintext credentials ![]() Credentials must also be stored on a hard disk drive in authoritative databases, such as the SAM database and in the database that is used by Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS).įor more information about storage, see Credentials storage in this topic. Credentials can be stored in the Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) process memory for use by the account during a session. That process is known as authorization.Ĭredentials are typically created or converted to a form that is required by the authentication protocols that are available on a computer. Authentication establishes the identity of the user, but not necessarily the user’s permission to access or change a specific computing resource. The process of creating, submitting, and verifying credentials is described simply as authentication, which is implemented through various authentication protocols, such as the Kerberos protocol. The combination of an identity and an authenticator is called an authentication credential. An authenticator can take various forms depending on the authentication protocol and method. But to prove their identity, they must provide secret information, which is called the authenticator. This might be the user name that is the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) account name or the User Principal Name (UPN). Their identity is typically in the form of their account’s user name. When a user or service wants to access a computing resource, they must provide information that proves their identity. This topic for the IT professional describes how credentials are formed in Windows and how the operating system manages them. Applies To: Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8
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